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''Calbovista'' is a fungal genus containing the single species ''Calbovista subsculpta'', commonly known as the sculptured puffball, sculptured giant puffball, and warted giant puffball. It is a common puffball of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast ranges of western North America. The puffball is more or less round with a diameter of up to , white becoming brownish in age, and covered with shallow pyramid-shaped plates or scales. It fruits singly or in groups along roads and in open woods at high elevations, from summer to autumn. Although the puffball was originally described as new to science by Elizabeth Eaton Morse in 1935, it was not published validly until 60 years later. The species is named for its resemblance to ''Calvatia sculpta'', from which it can be usually distinguished in the field by its less prominent pyramidal warts, and microscopically by the antler-like branches of its capillitium (thread-like material among the spores). ''Calbovista subsculpta'' is a good edible species while its interior flesh (the gleba) is still firm and white. As the puffball matures, its insides become dark brown and powdery from mature spores. ==Taxonomy== In her 1935 ''Mycologia'' article, American mycologist Elizabeth Eaton Morse noted the existence of an abundant and widely distributed puffball of the western United States that was commonly misidentified as ''Calvatia sculpta'', although it differed from that species in having extensively branched capillitial threads. The puffball had characteristics that aligned it with several other taxa. The peridium was similar to those of ''Calvatia sculpta'', ''Calvatia caelata'' (now known as ''Calvatia bovista''), ''Scleroderma flavidum'', and ''Scleroderma aurantium'' (now ''Scleroderma citrinum''); the rooting base was similar to ''Bovistella''; and the structure of the capillitial threads reminiscent of ''Bovista'', ''Bovistella'', and ''Mycenastrum''. However, the new species had a unique combination of characteristics and did not fit neatly into any already-described genera. As a result, Morse circumscribed the new genus ''Calbovista'' to contain ''Calbovista sculpta''. The type collection was made at Soda Springs, California in May 1934 at an elevation of .〔 Morse's publication of the genus was invalid because it lacked a description in Latin—a requirement of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature that was implemented effective January 1, 1935. The genus and species were published validly with a Latin description by Michelle Seidl in 1995.〔 Alexander H. Smith described a variety, ''Calbovista subsculpta'' var. ''fumosa'', in 1965, based on a collection he made in Kaniksu National Forest (northeastern Washington) in 1964.〔 This variety, known only from the type locality, differs from the nominate variety in its grayish outer peridium and minute scales. Because it was based on an invalid genus, it too was invalid; it was later published correctly in 2012 with the full name and authority ''Calbovista subsculpta'' var. ''fumosa'' A.H.Sm. ex J.C.Coetzee & A.E.van Wyk.〔 ''Calbovista'' is usually classified in the family Lycoperdaceae,〔〔 although the nomenclatural status of this group is unclear, as some authorities lump it into the Agaricaceae.〔〔 By contrast, Sanford Myron Zeller placed ''Calbovista'' in Mycenastracae, a family erected by him in 1948 to contain ''Calbovista'' and ''Mycenastrum'', two genera united by similarities in capillitial morphology.〔 Mycenastraceae is not currently considered to have independent taxonomic significance and is folded into synonymy with the Agaricaceae.〔 The genus name ''Calbovista'' combines the parts ''cal'', referring to the genus's puffball ally ''Calvatia'', and ''bovista'', alluding to the genus's similarity to ''Bovista'' and ''Bovistella''. The specific epithet ''subsculpta'' refers to its resemblance to ''Calvatia sculpta'', a species with which it had been frequently confused.〔 Common names used to refer to the fungus include the sculptured puffball,〔 sculptured giant puffball,〔 and warted giant puffball.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Calbovista」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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